Compressor for refrigerating systems.



w.&1. 0. WISHART.

COMPRESSOR FOR 'REF-RIGERATING SYSTEMS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.3019l5- Patented Sept. 19,1916.

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W. & J. O. WISHART.

COMPRESSOR FOR RIEFRIGERATING SYSTEMS.

APPLlCATlON FILED JAN. 30, 1915.

Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

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COMPRESSOR FOR REFRSGERATING SYSTEMS. 7

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 30, I915.

' Patented Sept. 19, 1916.

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COMPRESSOR FOR REFBIGERATING SYSTEMS. APYLICATION FILED JAN. 30. 1315- 1,193,502,v Y Pat-entedSept.19,1916.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM WISHART AND JOHN o. WISHART, or SPRINGFIELD, ILLINoIs, AssIGNoBsf TO WISHALRT ICE MACHINE COMPANY, OF SPRINGFIELD, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS. r

' COMPRESSOR FOB i To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, WILLIAM WISHART and JOHN O. WIsHAnr, citizens of the United States, and residents of the city of Springfield, in the county of Sangamon and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Compressors and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,

and to the numerals of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification. 7

This invention relates to a compression refrigerating system particularly well adapt ed for dommtic purposes, but in any lnstance Well fitted for use where space is limited. The most general application of refrigerating systems to domestic purposes has been confined to the absorption type in an en- 'deavor to entirely dispense with power driven mechanism. As a resultto secure an automatic operation of the same they have been made objectionable by the resulting complication of piping and auxiliary devices necessary forproper operation of such 7 a system. In this invention, however, the I installation is made'exceedingly simple, easy to install, and positive in operation, it only being necessary to open and close a switch controlling the electric drive for the systemv jected only to the diiferencebetween atm0spheric pressure and the suction pressure in the line.

It is an object'therefore of this invention to provide a compression type of refrigerating system embracing an Improved construction and arrangement of apparatus whereby a simple and compact installation is achieved.

. It is also an object of this invention to construct a compression refrigerating system embracing an improved type of compressor associated with a condenser forthe compressed fluid in a novel and efficient manner to permit utilization of the same-cooling "element, both in the jacket of the compres- "sor and in theicondenser.

REFRIGEEATING SYSTEMS.

. specification of Letters Patent. 'Patented Sept. 19, 1916. Application filed January 30,1915. Serial No. 5,324. i r

I It is also an object of this invention to construct a' compression refrigerating I system wherein'an improved type of compressor associated with a condenser for the refrigerant fluid, forms a part of the system water of the condenser to be utilized in the tem whereina double acting water jacketed compressor is constructed in a novel manner and associated with a condenser for the compressed refrigerant fluid in an improved "manner which admits of the construction-of a compact, simple and efficient system.

' It IS finally an ob ect of this invention to construct an improved refrigerating systememploying power driven'double acting compressors, each similarly-constructed and with the suction line for each compressor commumcating into a central chamber in each compressor from which the refrigerant flows .through the compressor piston intothe respective compartments of the machine for compression.

The invention (in a preferred form) is 1llustrated 1n the drawings and hereinafter I i 85 more fully described. l

In the drawings: Figure l is a front ele vation illustrating the relation of the elements of the system with parts shown in section. Fig. 2 is a section taken on line 22 of Fig. 1, with parts omitted. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the mechanisms shown in Fig. 2. Fig.4 is a side view of the mechanisms illustratedin Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a View similar to Fig. 4, showing a compressor in section. Fig. 6 is a sectional detail taken through one end of the plunger piston of the compressor. Fig. 7 is an interior View thereof with partsomitted. Fig. 8 is a conventional side elevation partly broken away of a modified arrangement of the elements of the system. Fig. 9 is a. top plan view thereof.

As shown in the drawings: In the general arrangement illustrated in Fig. 1, the reference numeral 1, indicates a refrigerator, which may be of any conventional type, provided with an upper compartment 2, in which refrigerating coils 3, connected through a suitable .reducing'valve to a reservoir 4:, are mounted. Leading to the reser- 60 and is water jacketed and in communication -Wlth said condenser to permit the cooling] for Refrigerating Systems; and we do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, I

voir 4, is the feed or pressure line for the compressed refrigerant fluid, and leading outwardly from the refrigerator and connected to the coils 3, is the outlet line 6, for the expanded fluid, which is also connected to a scaleseparator 7. A suction line 8, leads from the scale separator 7, downwardly therefromand branches, (though not shown) between and communicates with each one of a pair of similarly constructed compressors 9. Said compressors are mounted upon a hollow base 10, within which condensing coils 11, affording a receiver for the compressed fluid are situated, said coils communicating withv said respective compressors and with a valved outlet pipe 13, leading-:from said coils to an oil separator 14. Cooling water is admitted into said hollow base lO, through a valved inlet pipe 15, and flows therefrom through an outlet pipe 16. As clearly shown in the sectional views Figs. 2 and 5, of the compressors, each consists of a relatively long cylinder 17 provided with a water jacket 18, with inlet pipes 19, communicating therewith, and said inlet pipes 19, are preferably connected by suitable fittings; with the outlet pipe 16, from the condenser, although such connections are not shown. Outlet pipes 20, communicate with the water jackets 18, of said cylinders, and may lead to any suitable point of discharge. Said pair of compressors shown in Figs. 2 and 3, are exactly similar in construction, and a description of one will suflice.

The cylindrical shell 17, is open at each of its ends and secured thereon by bolts are cylinder heads 21, with a false head or partition member 22, held clamped into a recessed portion of said cylinder 17, by said cylinder heads. A. conical aperture affording a valve seat is provided in each of said partition heads 22, and slidably mounted in the axial bore of each of said cylinder heads 21, which is provided with an interior boss 23, for the purpose, is the stem 24, of a puppet valve 25, with a compression spring 26, wound about said boss and bearing against the head of said valve to normally maintain the same closed upon the conical seat in the partition head 22. A bolt 27, is threaded into the end of each cylinder head 21, and serves to close the outer end of said axial bore.

As clearly shown in Fig. 5, the outlet pipe 12. is connected by asuitable fitting to pipes which communicate through said cylinder heads 21, with the interior thereof. Slidably mounted Within the cylinder 17, is a long plunger piston consisting of two dis tinct and yet integrally connected parts exactly similar in construction, each of which is cored out and is denoted by the reference numeral 28. Threaded into each end of each of said plunger pistons is a spider element bearing member 36.

29, provided with an apertureor conical valve seat adapted to be closed by a puppet valve 30, secured on the end of a stem 31, which is slidably mounted in the hub of said spider element and is enlarged at its end to receive a compression spring 32, interposed between the enlarged end and the hub of said spider element. Another compression spring 33, is wound about said stem 31, and interposed between the valve 30, and the hub of said spider element, so that the stress of said respective springs is opposed, and the valve is balanced in position upon its seat. Near the middle of said plunger piston are two sets of inlet apertures 3i, disposed peripherally around the piston, and arranged with respect to the length thereof such that when said plunger is in certain positions one set of said apertures are closed by contact with the walls of the cylinder, and the other set is open. As clearly shown, the central portion of the cylinder 17, is enlarged, thus affording a chamber 35, surrounding the plunger piston, and into this chamber communicates a branch pipe of the suction line 8.

The driving means for the plunger piston is connected at the middle thereof, and for this purpose a circular recess is provided opening laterally into one side of said piston between the respective cored out portions 28, and mounted therein is a bushing or Journaled into said bushing is an eccentrically mounted pin 37, secured on the end of a shaft 38, which is journaled transversely of said cylinder with its end projecting into one side of the compartment 35, formed therein. A cylindrical gland member 39, is bolted tightly upon one side of the cylinder 17, projecting into an opening through the walls thereof, which communicates with said space and threaded on the outer end of said cylindrical gland member 39, is a compression nut or cap 40. Said member 39, is filled with packing material 41, and a plug member 4-2, fits into theouter end of said cylindrical gland member 39, and is forced inwardly thereinto compress the packing material 41, by means of said cap 40, when the latter is threaded down on said cylindrical member 39. Said shaft 38, extends through said respective gland members 39, 40, and 42, with the packing material ll, compressed tightly therearound, sothat no leakage of the fluid passing into the compartment 35,

of the cylinder can take place around said rotating drive shaft. The outer ends of each of said respective shafts 38, are constructed to interfit with one another to permit independent rotation of either one thereof and yet maintain alinement of the two'between the respective compressors, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. For this purpose one of said shafts is recessed and the other reduced in diameter to fit rotatably therein,

and journaled upon the respective shafts at the junction thereof is a driving gear 43, the hub of which, on each side thereof, is shaped to afford one member 44:, of a jaw clutch. Feathered upon each of said shafts 38, 1s a complemental jaw clutch member 45, adapted to engage the respective jaw clutch members ll, of the gear, whereby either one or both of said shafts 38, and consequently either one or both of the compressors, may be driven as desired.

In the modified arrangement of the elements illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9, we have shown a refrigerator which may be of any type whatsoever, provided with a refrigerating chamber 46, in the upper end thereof. The refrigerating coils l7, are disposed in said refrigerating chamber, and the compressor, denoted as a whole by the reference numeral 48, is mounted upon a condenser base 49, similar to the construction already described, which is in turn secured and supported upon the top of the refrigerator. The piping arrangements are substantially identical with those already described, the suction line being denoted by the reference numeral 50, and the pressure line by the reference numeral 51. Of course in both the constructions described suitable reducing valves are provided at the refrigerating coils, in order to permit the refrigerant fluid to expand therethrough, and by such expansion to cool the coils, thereby obtaining the refrigerating efiect. In the latter instance, however, we have only utilized one compressor, which is of a type similar to that already described, the shaft for driving the eccentric which moves the plunger piston being denoted by the reference numeral 52, and connected by means of a suitable coupling to an electric motor 53.

The operation is as follows: Referring first to the construction illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7 inclusive, after the system has been charged with a refrigerant fluid such as ammonia or carbon dioxid, the compression pumps 9, are set in operation by driving the gear 43, from any suitable source such as an electric motor, and with the clutches 45, engaged. The fluid as it leaves the compressor in a hot condition passes through the con densing coils 11, submerged in cooling water in the base 10, which supports the compressor, and thence passes by means of the valved pipe 13, through an oil separator 14,

and thence by a plpe 5, to a suitable reser-- voir within the refrigerator. It then expands through an expansion valve into the coils, cooling the same and the space within the refrigerator 1. After expansion the gas flows through the outlet pipe 6, through the scale separator '7 and thence by the suction line 8, back to the compressor. Of course the valves may be connected into the pipe lines at the various points necessitated by the particular construction or installation, which of course may be changed somewhat to suit the requirements of conditions. Each of the compressors is double acting, and embraces a single plunger piston movable within a water jacketed cylinder which receives the fluid to be compressed centrally within a compartment therein provided for the pur pose, so that a double acting mechanism is provided. The plunger is driven by the eccentric pin 37, engaging the bearing or bush= ing 36, recessed into one side of said plunger, so that the same is thereby caused to reciprocate within the cylinder.

Another novel feature is the connection of the condenser to the water jacket of the cylinder, whereby the water from the condenser is also pumped through the cylinder, thus preventing the same from overheating, and further dispensing with separate piping otherwise necessary, and contributing toward compactness of the entire installation. The gas to be compressed is drawn into the compartment 35, within the cylinder, and with the piston shown in the position atthe left of Fig. 2, said gas passes through apertures 34, of the upper piston portion 28, into i the interior thereof, and when forward movement of that end of the piston takes place, said apertures 34, are moved into a position closed by the walls of the cylinder and a charge previously introduced through the puppet valve 30, in the head of the piston into the cylinder, is compressed, the puppet valve 25, in the cylinder head being finally lifted due to the compression allowing the compressed gas to flow through the chamber in the cylinder head out through the outlet pipe 12. Upon return stroke of the aforesaid end of the plunger piston, the valve 25, in the cylinder head seats, and the suction causes opening of the valve 30, in the piston head, thus permitting the gas trapped within the hollow piston portion to flow into the cylinder space, and when the piston again moves toward the head end of the cylinder the valve in the piston will close, trapping the fluid within the cylinder and compressing the same as before described.

Inasmuch as the mechanisms in both ends of the compressor cylinder and plunger piston operate similarly it is evident that a charge is compressed with each stroke of the piston alternately at each end of the compressor, and inasmuch as two compressors are utilized practically a continuous flow of compressed fluid is provided Where a small and exceedingly compact installation is desired the parts may be arranged as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, with one double acting compressor mounted directly on top of the refrigerator and driven by a motor also mounted thereon.

Ne are aware that various details of construction maybe varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of this invention, and We therefore do not purpose limiting the patent granted otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

We claim as our invention:

1. In a double acting compressor, the combination of a cylinder enlarged centrally to form an intake space for fluid to be compressed, heads secured on each end thereof, valves mounted in said heads and adapted to open under pressure, a plunger piston mounted withinsaid cylinder, valves mounted in'each end of said piston, and ports in said piston for each end,'said ports of each end registering with the central intake space of the cylinder only when that end of the piston is at its inward limit of stroke.

2. In a double acting compressor, the combination of a cylinder enlarged centrally to provide a, compartment for the intake of fluid to be compressed, a plunger piston mounted therein, ports in said plunger piston to permit a flow of fluid to be compressed into the interior of each end of said plunger piston, valves in the heads of said piston,

valves in the heads of said cylinder, and

means oscillating said piston within the cylinder, the arrangement of said ports adapt ing the same to be opened and closed as the piston moves in the cylinder.

3. In a double acting compressor, the

combination of a cylinder enlarged to form an intake space for fluid to be compressed, a plunger piston therein, ports in said lunger piston to permit a flow of fluid to e compressed into the interior of each end of said plunger piston, spider elements in the heads of said piston formed with valve seats,

valves in said spider elements, oppositely operating springs balancing said valves,

subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM WISHART. JOHN O. WlSI-IART. Witnesses:

0. Z. COUTANT, HUGH J. GRAHAM. 

